No logos is not the swarm of pictures you see at the top of this page. Logos is the argument's logical structure, internal consistency, and clarity. (Ramage, Bean, and Johnson, 62) It is one of the three rhetorical appeals.
Logos, under the Toolman system, is broken up into six sections. Claims, Reasons, Grounds, Warrants, Backing, and Qualifiers.
Logos, under the Toolman system, is broken up into six sections. Claims, Reasons, Grounds, Warrants, Backing, and Qualifiers.
- Claims are ideas that assert what the author believes to be the most believable or best position to hold on an issue or policy. It is the authors main point.
- Reasons are claims that are used to support other claims. They are usually linked to a claim with connecting words such as because, since, for, thus, consequently and therefore.
- Grounds are the supporting evidence that causes the audience to accept an argument’s reasons. Often includes quantitative data such as statistics.
- Warrants are unspoken yet understood assumptions that the audience must make while reading the argument for the argument to be effective. Without this there is no argument.
- Backing are the argument that supports and justifies the warrants. It's goal is to persuade the audience to accept the warrant.
- Qualifiers are factors that can limit the scope of an argument.